List-I (Operation Invocation) A. printf() B. write() C. Mode Switch D. Context Switch List-II (Internal Mechanism) Standard C library wrapper function running in user space Direct execution of software interrupt to access device driver Transition of CPU execution state from user space to kernel Changing CPU focus from one thread/process context to another

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 Explanation: A. printf() -> 1: printf() is a high-level library function provided by the C standard library ( stdio.h ). It runs in user space, buffers the formatted output, and internally calls low-level system calls (like write() ). B. write() -> 2: write() is a system call that requests the OS kernel to perform low-level output. It invokes a software interrupt/trap to transfer control to kernel space and interact with the hardware device driver. C. Mode Switch -> 3: A mode switch occurs when the execution privilege changes (e.g., from user mode to kernel mode) during a system call or interrupt handling. D. Context Switch -> 4: A context switch involves saving the state of the currently executing process or thread and restoring the state of another thread/process to switch CPU execution focus.

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CUET PG 2026 — operating system os PYQ

CUET PG | operating system os | 2026

List-I (Operation Invocation)

A. printf()

B. write()

C. Mode Switch

D. Context Switch

List-II (Internal Mechanism)

Standard C library wrapper function running in user space

Direct execution of software interrupt to access device driver

Transition of CPU execution state from user space to kernel

Changing CPU focus from one thread/process context to another

Choose the correct answer: