Explanation
Each critical section requirement corresponds to a specific condition in synchronization:
A. Mutual Exclusion → 3: If a process is executing in its critical section, no other process is allowed to execute in their critical section at the same time.
B. Progress → 1: If no process is executing in its critical section and some processes want to enter, only those processes that are not executing in their remainder section can participate in deciding which process will enter next.
C. Bounded Waiting → 2: There must be a limit (bound) on the number of times other processes are allowed to enter their critical sections after a process has made a request to enter, preventing infinite blocking (starvation).
D. Architectural Neutrality → 4: Ensures that the synchronization solution works reliably across different underlying hardware and arbitrary multi-core CPU architectures.
Therefore, the correct mapping is A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4.
