List-I (Boot Step) A. BIOS / UEFI B. POST C. Bootstrap Loader D. init / systemd List-II (Operational Execution Duty) Locates and reads the Master Boot Record (MBR) into memory Executes initial hardware diagnostics and tests memory blocks Small program in ROM that loads the full OS kernel into RAM Root process that spawns all user-level daemons and shells

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 Explanation: A. BIOS / UEFI 1. Locates and reads the Master Boot Record (MBR) into memory After hardware initialization, the BIOS/UEFI searches for bootable storage devices and loads the bootloader code from the Master Boot Record (MBR) or EFI system partition into memory. B. POST 2. Executes initial hardware diagnostics and tests memory blocks Power-On Self-Test (POST) is the initial diagnostic routine executed by the firmware right after power-up to check RAM, keyboard, disk drives, and other hardware components. C. Bootstrap Loader 3. Small program in ROM that loads the full OS kernel into RAM The bootstrap loader (stored in ROM/firmware) initiates the boot process and transfers control to the operating system by loading the full kernel into system RAM. D. init / systemd 4. Root process that spawns

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CUET PG 2026 — operating system os PYQ

CUET PG | operating system os | 2026

List-I (Boot Step)

A. BIOS / UEFI

B. POST

C. Bootstrap Loader

D. init / systemd

List-II (Operational Execution Duty)

Locates and reads the Master Boot Record (MBR) into memory
Executes initial hardware diagnostics and tests memory blocks
Small program in ROM that loads the full OS kernel into RAM
Root process that spawns all user-level daemons and shells

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