two computers and are configured as follows: has IP address and subnet mask , has IP address and subnet mask . Which one of the following options is true?

assumes is on the same network, but assumes is on a different network Explanation: 1. Concept of Network Determination When computer wants to send data to computer , it determines whether is on its local network or a remote network by performing a bitwise AND operation: First, calculates its own Network ID: Then, calculates 's network ID using its own mask: If both results match, assumes is on the same network . The same logic applies conversely when looks at using . 2. Computer 's Perspective : : Since the first two octets of the mask are , they remain unchanged. We only need to perform the bitwise AND on the 3rd octet . 3rd octet of 3rd octet of Now, checks where ( ) belongs using : 3rd octet of 3rd octet of Conclusion for : Since both Network IDs match ( ), assumes is on the same network. 3. Computer 's Perspective : : Let's find 's own Network ID by performing a bitw

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Explanation

1. Concept of Network Determination

When computer $P$ wants to send data to computer $Q$ , it determines whether $Q$ is on its local network or a remote network by performing a bitwise AND operation:

First, $P$ calculates its own Network ID: $IP_{P} AND Mask_{P}$
Then, $P$ calculates $Q$ 's network ID using its own mask: $IP_{Q} AND Mask_{P}$
If both results match, $P$ assumes $Q$ is on the same network.

The same logic applies conversely when $Q$ looks at $P$ using $Mask_{Q}$ .

2. Computer $P$ 's Perspective

$IP_{P}$ : $203.197.2.53$
$Mask_{P}$ : $255.255.128.0$

Since the first two octets of the mask are $255.255$ , they remain unchanged. We only need to perform the bitwise AND on the 3rd octet.

3rd octet of $IP_{P} = 2 \to (00000010)_{2}$
3rd octet of $Mask_{P} = 128 \to (10000000)_{2}$

$2 AND 128 = (00000010)_{2} AND (10000000)_{2} = (00000000)_{2} = 0$

$Network ID of P = 203.197.0.0$

Now, $P$ checks where $Q$ ( $203.197.75.201$ ) belongs using $Mask_{P}$ :

3rd octet of $IP_{Q} = 75 \to (01001011)_{2}$
3rd octet of $Mask_{P} = 128 \to (10000000)_{2}$

$75 AND 128 = (01001011)_{2} AND (10000000)_{2} = (00000000)_{2} = 0$

$Calculated Network ID for Q by P = 203.197.0.0$

Conclusion for $P$ : Since both Network IDs match ( $203.197.0.0$ ), $P$ assumes $Q$ is on the same network.

3. Computer $Q$ 's Perspective

$IP_{Q}$ : $203.197.75.201$
$Mask_{Q}$ : $255.255.192.0$

Let's find $Q$ 's own Network ID by performing a bitwise AND on the 3rd octet:

3rd octet of $IP_{Q} = 75 \to (01001011)_{2}$
3rd octet of $Mask_{Q} = 192 \to (11000000)_{2}$

$75 AND 192 = (01001011)_{2} AND (11000000)_{2} = (01000000)_{2} = 64$

$Network ID of Q = 203.197.64.0$

Now, $Q$ checks where $P$ ( $203.197.2.53$ ) belongs using $Mask_{Q}$ :

3rd octet of $IP_{P} = 2 \to (00000010)_{2}$
3rd octet of $Mask_{Q} = 192 \to (11000000)_{2}$

$2 AND 192 = (00000010)_{2} AND (11000000)_{2} = (00000000)_{2} = 0$

$Calculated Network ID for P by Q = 203.197.0.0$

Conclusion for $Q$ : Since $Q$ 's own network ID ( $203.197.64.0$ ) does not match the calculated ID for $P$ ( $203.197.0.0$ ), $Q$ assumes $P$ is on a different network.

Final Summary

$P$ assumes $Q$ is on the same network.
$Q$ assumes $P$ is on a different network.

Correct Answer

The correct option is (a).

Explanation

1. Concept of Network Determination

When computer $P$ wants to send data to computer $Q$ , it determines whether $Q$ is on its local network or a remote network by performing a bitwise AND operation:

First, $P$ calculates its own Network ID: $IP_{P} AND Mask_{P}$
Then, $P$ calculates $Q$ 's network ID using its own mask: $IP_{Q} AND Mask_{P}$
If both results match, $P$ assumes $Q$ is on the same network.

The same logic applies conversely when $Q$ looks at $P$ using $Mask_{Q}$ .

2. Computer $P$ 's Perspective

$IP_{P}$ : $203.197.2.53$
$Mask_{P}$ : $255.255.128.0$

Since the first two octets of the mask are $255.255$ , they remain unchanged. We only need to perform the bitwise AND on the 3rd octet.

3rd octet of $IP_{P} = 2 \to (00000010)_{2}$
3rd octet of $Mask_{P} = 128 \to (10000000)_{2}$

$2 AND 128 = (00000010)_{2} AND (10000000)_{2} = (00000000)_{2} = 0$

$Network ID of P = 203.197.0.0$

Now, $P$ checks where $Q$ ( $203.197.75.201$ ) belongs using $Mask_{P}$ :

3rd octet of $IP_{Q} = 75 \to (01001011)_{2}$
3rd octet of $Mask_{P} = 128 \to (10000000)_{2}$

$75 AND 128 = (01001011)_{2} AND (10000000)_{2} = (00000000)_{2} = 0$

$Calculated Network ID for Q by P = 203.197.0.0$

Conclusion for $P$ : Since both Network IDs match ( $203.197.0.0$ ), $P$ assumes $Q$ is on the same network.

3. Computer $Q$ 's Perspective

$IP_{Q}$ : $203.197.75.201$
$Mask_{Q}$ : $255.255.192.0$

Let's find $Q$ 's own Network ID by performing a bitwise AND on the 3rd octet:

3rd octet of $IP_{Q} = 75 \to (01001011)_{2}$
3rd octet of $Mask_{Q} = 192 \to (11000000)_{2}$

$75 AND 192 = (01001011)_{2} AND (11000000)_{2} = (01000000)_{2} = 64$

$Network ID of Q = 203.197.64.0$

Now, $Q$ checks where $P$ ( $203.197.2.53$ ) belongs using $Mask_{Q}$ :

3rd octet of $IP_{P} = 2 \to (00000010)_{2}$
3rd octet of $Mask_{Q} = 192 \to (11000000)_{2}$

$2 AND 192 = (00000010)_{2} AND (11000000)_{2} = (00000000)_{2} = 0$

$Calculated Network ID for P by Q = 203.197.0.0$

Conclusion for $Q$ : Since $Q$ 's own network ID ( $203.197.64.0$ ) does not match the calculated ID for $P$ ( $203.197.0.0$ ), $Q$ assumes $P$ is on a different network.

Final Summary

$P$ assumes $Q$ is on the same network.
$Q$ assumes $P$ is on a different network.

Correct Answer

The correct option is (a).

AMU 2026 — Computer PYQ

Choose the correct answer:

Explanation

1. Concept of Network Determination

2. Computer $P$ 's Perspective

3. Computer $Q$ 's Perspective

Final Summary

Correct Answer

Explanation

1. Concept of Network Determination

2. Computer $P$ 's Perspective

3. Computer $Q$ 's Perspective

Final Summary

Correct Answer