AMU 2026 — Computer PYQ

1. Understanding the DNS Resolution Process

The Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-readable domain names (like example.com) into machine-readable IP addresses. This process follows a hierarchical structural traversal when a client requests resolution:

1. Step 1: Cache Lookup (Local Check): The DNS resolver/server first checks its local cache memory to see if it already knows the IP address for the requested domain. This saves time and bandwidth.

   $$\text{Sequence}\to \text{I}$$

2. Step 2: Contacting Root Servers: If the mapping is a cache miss (not found), the DNS server initiates an iterative query starting at the highest level of the DNS hierarchy, which is the Root DNS server.

   $$\text{Sequence}\to \text{I}\to \text{II}$$

3. Step 3: Reaching the Authoritative Server: After navigating down through Top-Level Domain (TLD) servers (like .com, .org), the DNS server ultimately forwards the query to the Authoritative DNS server, which holds the definitive, actual record for that specific domain.

   $$\text{Sequence}\to \text{I}\to \text{II}\to \text{IV}$$

4. Step 4: Receiving the IP Address: The authoritative DNS server responds with the requested record, and the DNS server receives the corresponding IP address.

   $$\text{Sequence}\to \text{I}\to \text{II}\to \text{IV}\to \text{III}$$

5. Step 5: Returning the Result to the Client: Finally, the DNS server delivers the resolved IP address back to the client computer so that the web page can load.

   $$\text{Sequence}\to \text{I}\to \text{II}\to \text{IV}\to \text{III}\to \text{V}$$

2. Final Sequence Summary

Combining the logical steps together, the correct order is:

$$\text{I}\to \text{II}\to \text{IV}\to \text{III}\to \text{V}$$

Correct Answer

The correct option is (d) I, II, IV, III, V.