Assertion (A): Booting a computer system involves loading a small bootstrap program stored permanently inside the ROM firmware.
Reason (R): The bootstrap loader initializes system hardware registers and locates the operating system kernel on secondary storage to load it into RAM.
Assertion (A) Analysis:
True. When a computer is powered on, the CPU executes instructions from a small bootstrap program stored permanently in non-volatile ROM/firmware because RAM is volatile and empty at startup.
Reason (R) Analysis:
True. The bootstrap loader initializes system hardware registers, performs basic checks, and locates the operating system kernel on secondary storage so it can be loaded into RAM.
Relationship between Assertion (A) and Reason (R):
Both statements are correct, and Reason (R) correctly explains what the bootstrap program mentioned in Assertion (A) does during the boot sequence.