Monolithic vs. Microkernel Structures List-I A. Monolithic Kernel B. Microkernel C. Layered Approach D. Virtual Machine List-II High performance due to low IPC overhead. High modularity and isolated crash boundaries. System divided into a hierarchy of unidirectional abstraction levels. Completely abstracts the underlying physical hardware layer.

A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4 Explanation: A. Monolithic Kernel 1 (High performance due to low IPC overhead.): All core operating system services run in the same kernel space, avoiding Inter-Process Communication (IPC) overhead, which leads to higher performance. B. Microkernel 2 (High modularity and isolated crash boundaries.): Moves services (like device drivers and file systems) into user space. This increases modularity and prevents system-wide crashes if a single service fails. C. Layered Approach 3 (System divided into a hierarchy of unidirectional abstraction levels.): Organizes the OS into distinct layers where lower layers provide services to higher layers in a strict hierarchy. D. Virtual Machine 4 (Completely abstracts the underlying physical hardware layer.): Creates an abstraction of the actual hardware, allowing multi

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CUET PG 2026 — operating system os PYQ

CUET PG | operating system os | 2026

Monolithic vs. Microkernel Structures

List-I

A. Monolithic Kernel

B. Microkernel

C. Layered Approach

D. Virtual Machine

List-II

High performance due to low IPC overhead.

High modularity and isolated crash boundaries.

System divided into a hierarchy of unidirectional abstraction levels.

Completely abstracts the underlying physical hardware layer.

Choose the correct answer: